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Production line
of the shrimp culture industry consists of two main components: initial
production line of farm and end of production line of processing plant.
Each component has subunits in which their operation employs specific
techniques and management technologies to produce a standard high
quality and safe product for consumer. The Department of Fisheries
(DOF), acts as an inspection agency to provide inspection technologies
and techniques for the production.
Closed Shrimp
Culture System Technology is a shrimp culture management method
where farmers do not add water from natural sources after release
of the shrimp fry. However, during the shrimp culture period water
is lost through evaporation and leakage, therefore the farmer may
need to add some water to make up the loss.
Biological
Shrimp Culture System Technology is an alternative method to manage
the current shrimp culture problems. This technology uses organisms
such as bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton, shellfish, fish,
and benthic invertebrates to decompose and control excess organic
wastes and nutrients in shrimp pond.
Antibiotic
Inspection is employed to detect the presence of prohibited antibiotics
such as chloramphenicol, nitrofurans, oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline.
The antibiotics inspection can be carried out with following techniques:
- HPLC is
used to determine oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline
- ELISA is
used to determine chloramphenicol
- LC-MS-MS
is used to determine nitrofurans
Shrimp Broodstock
and Shrimp Fry health Management. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
is used to detect disease in the broodstock used for shrimp fry
production. If viruses are found, the broodstock cannot be used
for breeding. Similarly if there are any viruses in shrimp fry,
shrimp fry culture must be avoided. At the shrimp farm, the farmer
must take care of the shrimp health and if any stress or disease
is noted, shrimp must be sampled for examination and diagnosis.
Test Kits are
a preliminary test used for the detections of antibiotics in animal
feeds. Test kits are available to determine the following antibiotics:
chloramphenicol, tetracycline and nitrofurans. The principle of
the test kits is a reaction between the antibiotics and test kit
chemicals which produces different colors to indicate whether antibiotics
are present in the feed.
Inspection
of Antibiotic Residue in Marine Shrimp Products from Shrimp farms
Techniques which are accepted internationally such as HPLC used
to determine oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline, and ELISA, used
to determine chloramphenicol and LC-MS-MS are used to determine
nitrofuran group.
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